Understanding atonement
Lent 2024 – Part 13, An African Relational Theory of the Atonement
This Lent, I reflect deeply on the profound significance of Jesus Christ’s death and resurrection, exploring the various theories embraced or historically cherished by Christian churches. This journey reveals a rich tapestry of beliefs and interpretations. It’s important to acknowledge that there is more than a single perspective, and for those who have engaged in discussions about them, there are way more than the two you have argued over.
Changing what you believe about atonement is not denying Jesus. The gospel is not a description of how Jesus’ death (and resurrection, ascension, and enthronement) rescues the world, but that it does so. The gospel is not a theory or advice, it is news.
So far, the contributors to atonement theory after the church fathers have primarily been European, encompassing both Western Europe within the Roman Catholic and Protestant traditions and Eastern Europe in the Orthodox realm. However, since Augustine of Hippo, an exciting shift is occurred as strong non-European voices are beginning to emerge. With the innovative Kaleidoscope Theory of Atonement introduced in 2006, African perspectives are now being welcomed and celebrated, enriching the discourse and paving the way for a diverse future.
Through the ages, people have sought to understand and communicate the profound meanings of Christ’s death, resurrection, and ascension in ways that resonate with their own experiences. Satisfaction Theory presents God as a Feudal king, while Penal Substitution reflects the imagery of a Medieval trial. As we look back on these theories, it’s essential to recognize how we interpret them through our modern lenses. In today’s Western cultures, particularly in the 20th and 21st centuries, there is a tendency to embrace an individualistic perspective, which may overshadow the collective narratives that unite us all.
For God so loved the world, that he gave his only Son, that whoever believes in him should not perish but have eternal life.
And he died for all, that those who live might no longer live for themselves but for him who for their sake died and was raised.
Husbands, love your wives, as Christ loved the church and gave himself up for her.
John 3:16. 2 Corinthians 5:15 and Ephesiand 5:25, all ESVUK
Abstract nouns, an aside.
The updating of views is especially fascinating when it comes to abstract nouns. There are two main types of nouns: concrete nouns, which refer to things like car, beef, or corkscrew, and abstract nouns, which include concepts like honour, justice, and grace. While concrete nouns present clear definitions, abstract nouns open the door to rich interpretations. For example, to some, justice may signify punishment, as in, “They have broken the law and must be gaoled;” while for others, it invites a deeper inquiry into motivations, such as, “What are the reasons they broke the law?” Victor Hugo’s novel “Les Miserables” beautifully illustrates this spectrum of understanding through the character Jean Valjean, who is imprisoned for 19 years for stealing a loaf of bread to care for his sister’s hungry family. This variety in perception enriches our understanding of abstract nouns. Interestingly, some churches use headlines like “Faith and Worship” and are surprised to see diverse interpretations. If you engage predominantly with abstract nouns, you can look forward to a vibrant array of interpretations!
Ubuntu
With that aside out of the way, it’s time to explore the beautiful essence of African Atonement. It is rooted in the uplifting concept of ubuntu, which translates to “humanity towards others” or “I am because we are,” celebrating our interconnectedness and the inspiring belief that one’s humanity flourishes alongside the humanity of others. This offers a refreshing contrast to the more individualistic notions often encountered in Evangelical churches, particularly those adhering to economic ideas where community can be overlooked.
The book “No Future Without Forgiveness,” by Bishop Desmond Tutu holds profound significance. Tutu compassionately explores the idea that without forgiveness, individuals can feel ensnared in persistent cycles of anger, resentment, and violence, which only serve to deepen suffering and injustice. He beautifully highlights the life-changing potential of forgiveness in dismantling these cycles, offering a pathway toward a more just and peaceful future. This journey unfolds within the deeply meaningful African philosophy of ubuntu, reminding us that our true selves are found in connection and community with others.
The African Theory embraces the richness of all other Atonement theories, thoughtfully exploring how to embody these principles within our communities, fostering a spirit of Ubuntu that emphasizes our shared humanity and compassion for one another.
Making an ass of myself 